William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet - 1800 Words

‘The Trio’ have created a television series which we believe will be ‘the next big thing’ in the television market. Their show is a teen drama essentially taking Shakespeare’s well known characters, placing them in a modern day high school setting and seeing what unfolds. For instance Macbeth is the Vice Principle who manages to oust the Principle and take over his position. Romeo and Juliet are high school sweethearts, still from opposing backgrounds, with Romeo being a classic Jock and Juliet being a math geek. As their manager I need to ensure their creative product is appropriately protected as it has already had major interest from financial backers. I will investigate other cases where television products have endeavoured to protect their intellectual property in different ways and conclude which course of action will be the best for the Trio. Bainbridge (2006) states that intellectual property rights put the owner of the right in a position of power by allowing them to restrain others from doing certain things to their work and giving them rights to take legal action against those who have breached their rights. Copyright New Zealand (2015) defines copyright as a specific type of intellectual property right that can be used for various types of creative works and automatically comes into action as soon as something is published. According to the Stanford University Libraries website to qualify for copyright protection a creative work must fit the following criteria:Show MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1287 Words   |  6 PagesLizzy Baginski English Composition 2 Mr. Spera March 10, 2015 Romeo and Juliet Research Paper The movie Romeo and Juliet is a modern classic film that took place in 1996. Overall this is a timeless story that everyone should go and watch. This movie has an intriguing plot line that tells the story of two feuding families, The Montagues and The Capulets, and how the children of these two different families fall in love. The two children overcome various obstacles such as hiding their chemistry fromRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet 966 Words   |  4 Pages Beauty Over Gold â€Å"Beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold.--William Shakespeare, 1623. In his book As You Like It, William Shakespeare pointed out the supremacy of love rather than the want of gold and wealth. Truly, beauty is more important to thieves than wealth. Many of the thieves in this world would rather have an elegant woman than to obtain precious rubies. After all, what good is a prosperous man if he doesn’t have a charming woman? Two famous men grab my attention who didn’t fear forRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet Essay1024 Words   |  5 PagesRomeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. The plot is based on an ItalianRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe play Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. Its plot is based onRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet861 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatly shown in the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. It was love at first sight with Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet. Meeting at a party and falling in love to get married without even spending quality time with each other. Romeo and Juliet couldn t tell there parents because the Capulets and Montagues are long term rivals. Both Romeo and Juliet had to find different ways and excuses to make this marriage work. A big problem was developed. Romeo kills Juliet s cousin and is banishedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1770 Words   |  8 Pagesof Romeo and Juliet. The story of two destined lovers who were killed by their own doing. But what if they weren t two destined lovers who got unlucky, but doomed partners that were never going to have a good-life to begin with.William Sha kespeare gives us a view of early signs of gang conflict in the early age of Verona, Italy. He gives us a perspective of the norms and customs of Italy during the Setting of William Shakespeare s most famous story. Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, givesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1616 Words   |  7 Pageslove can also cause some of life s most controversial battles. These battles could stem from lack of patience, disagreement of moral values, and in some cases, an absence of attraction overall. In Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, the issues that drive Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet s to each of their dreadful misfortunes are inevitable. When it comes to many of Shakespeare s plays, Aristotle s theory is used to describe them as tragedies. Romeo and Juliet is known by many as a tragedyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1264 Words   |  6 Pagestheater-going public the most important dramatist in English literature, Shakespeare oc cupies a well-known position in the world of talented authors. His canon contains thirty-seven plays, written in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Additionally, throughout the years, they continue to sustain critical attention, with the majority of his works circling tragedies, one being Romeo and Juliet. William Shakespeare s Romeo and Juliet speaks to the timeless appeal of star-crossed lovers. Their loveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet924 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy that follows the so-called love of two teenagers. The two fall in love at a masked ball and have a secret marriage. Throughout the play, their actions show how ridiculous love is, and how it is a danger to anyone who become twisted in its choking grasp. However, in the death of the youth and survival of the elders, an alternative explanation for the tragic events may be found. Although Shakespeare seems to be mocking love throughout the play, itRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1279 Words   |  6 Pagesour lives. The great, classic writers teach timeless, valuable life skills. Shakespeare was the greatest writer of all time. His writings mainly consisted of dramas and sonnets. Romeo and Juliet, as well as, A MIdsummer Night’s Dream were written about the same time period. He was able to inter relate everything that wrote. For example, the tale of Pyramus and Thisbe could possibly be an advertisement for Romeo and Juliet. The basic structure of the two dramas is the same; two forbidden lovers meet

The Greeks, Non Greeks And Expressions Of Humanism

A. Greeks, Non-Greeks and Expressions of Humanism Throughout history, the concept of humanism has changed and in a way evolved over the years. Many believe that humanism began with the early Greek civilizations, but there are many instances of non-Greek expressions of humanism. From Hammurabi’s Code in Mesopotamia, to the Romans art and sculptures, and lastly the way the Egyptians viewed their Pharaoh’s as leaders with supreme importance. Humanism is a term that has become synonymous with human and natural rights. One of the earliest expressions of human rights is Hammurabi’s Code of Laws. Hammurabi’s laws were often recognized because of the harsh punishments that would occur if you broke a certain rules. â€Å"If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out. (*)† In other words an eye for an eye has to be one of the most notorious laws that’s written in Hammurabi’s Code. But, one of the most frequent of penalties of the various 282 laws was death (@). Even though to many people these laws would be considered extremely harsh, these laws became a model for future law systems. These laws set an example that for every improper action there would be a ‘proper’ punishment that would follow. But, the main problem with these laws was that they were very vague and don’t consider other possibilities such as religion. There are many different ways that humanism could be expressed. Specifically the Romans loved to express humanism through their numerous sculpturesShow MoreRelatedThe Renaissance, Renaissance And The Renaissance Period775 Words   |  4 Pagesancient Greek philosophy which is the idea of ‘Humanism’ . His greatest art work Mona Lisa is a non-religious painting, it not only shows the idea of humanism, also gives out other characteristics in the High Renaissance which are the use of harmony and balance. No matter the color or the shadow scale, they all makes this painting more harmony. Also, the face and body of Mona Lisa are all in the middle, in order to give this painting a feeling of balance. Another example to show humanism is in FraRead MoreThe Importance Of The Renaissance937 Words   |  4 Pagesbecame possible because of educated decisions that Renaissance thinkers were able to make due to their humanist education. Without the Renaissance, the modern world would not have the value of teaching the humanities, the importance of freedom of expression through art, and encourage creativity and problem solving. The humanities are the most important way of learning in all of history. The humanities consist of mathematics, languages, literature, philosophy, art, and music. They are still used todayRead MoreImpressionist Works Of Claude Monet1394 Words   |  6 Pagesof a spontaneous and direct world, and for that they focused on the effects of natural light on objects. They mainly focus on light, moment and the space. The abstract- impressionist used reason and intellect, divided into figurative and non-figurative, the non-figurative had no known forms they are pure images coming from the author s mind. It is mechanical and can be cold. Figurative abstraction uses real forms but distorted and simplified even to lose its basic characteristics -it is free- mightRead MoreThe Renaissance and It’s Affect on William Shakespeare’s Works2369 Words   |  10 Pagesand by using Greek and Roman influences, the ability to explore new characters, and incorporating many different Renaissanc es ways, that is what he accomplished. William Shakespeare is often referred to as Englands â€Å"National Poet† due to the amount of work he has produced and the widespread love of it, Shakespeare has written 38 plays, 154 sonnets and many more poems and all of his plays have been translated into every major living language. Shakespeare used his knowledge of Greek and Roman historyRead MoreThe Great Pyramids Of Giza1274 Words   |  6 Pagesrulers. Around twenty five hundred BCE a diorite statue was crafted of Khafre. Standing at five foot six inches, this sculpture was perfectly proportioned, muscular, and symmetrical. It was not a portrait of the the Khafre himself, but instead an expression of power of him as a ruler. This is contrary to the sculpture of a seated scribe estimated to be from twenty four hundred BCE. While scribes were very important and honoured, enough so to have a detailed sculpture crafted of them, it was not idealizedRead MoreHumanities Essay959 Words   |  4 Pagesrole in the development of humanities in their respectable age. During these periods it established a time of rebirth in humanisms and improvement of cultural accomplishments. The Renaissance period provided artistic freedom and individualism. It began around the 14th century in Italy and spread throughout Euro pe until the 16th century. Renaissance means â€Å"rebirth† and humanism of the renaissance artist was to express themselves after the medieval traditions in the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages artRead MoreAp European History Outline Chapter 10 Essay example5639 Words   |  23 Pagesand appointed ambassadors to other powerful city-states and nations * Humanism * Scholars debate over the meaning of the term humanism * humanism is the birth of modernity, driven by an anti-Christian philosophy that stressed the dignity of humankind, individual, and secularism * humanists as the champions of Catholic Christianity, opposing the pagan teachings of Aristotle * humanism is a form of historic scholarship adopted to promote a sense of civic responsibilityRead MoreLeonardo Da Vinci And The Renaissance Era1572 Words   |  7 Pagesvalues of ancient Greece and Rome.Renaissance art sought to capture the experience of the individual and the beauty and mystery of the natural world. It conducted many values that amplified the Renaissance. Humanism, realism, and classical values are the most prominent aspects of this Era. â€Å"Humanism is the fundamental idea of that period as one of renewal and reawakening is humanistic in origin.† The term freely applies to a variety of beliefs, methods, and philosophies that place central emphasis onRead More Pagan History Essay2518 Words   |  11 Pages Pagan History Paganism is a loose word for the large variety of polytheistic, shamanistic, and mystical non-monotheistic religions. Paganism exists in all cultures, from paleolithic to technological, but has historically waxed and waned. The ancient Egyptians are an example of a highly pagan society; so are the ancient Romans; and all paleolithic cultures from the Old Stone Age to the present have strong pagan elements. An example of a less pagan culture would be the West for the last thousandRead MoreThe Separation Of Church And State2095 Words   |  9 Pagesnation into one that is more secular and censors religion in the public. Our nation is now limiting how, where and why any form of religious expression is exhibited. Thomas Jefferson saying â€Å"a wall of separation† has been intertwined with the first amendment; the metaphor has now been taken literally and has subsequently led to the removal of religious expression in the public. The Danbury Baptist Association feared that the government was trying to declare Congregationalist the national denomination

Copyright Laws Musical Work

Question: Describe about the Copyright Laws Musical Work? Answer: Case analysis Riley Records v. The CC Experience Fact: In the year of 2006 three persons Riley De Smit, Candace Liu, and Celine Sze initiated a singing band named as The CC Experience in New York. This three people started to write up the songs together and also performed in the nearby coffee shops or restaurants or like places. These songs are named as the song in the matter. The songs belong to the category of typical Asian Raps. They create the songs in sometime at 2006. The main fact was that both the parties that plaintiff and he defendant will create the songs along with the help of those mentioned three people. This singing band continues their performance in the local level and family gathering till the year of 2007. After some time the conflict stated between the band and DE Smith. They possess different views regarding the bands future. Three people are not obtaining the same view. De Smith suggests for the commercialisation of the songs because it will somehow help the band to get more wide range of audience. But the other two people stated that they create those songs for spreading joy to the people. But the commercialization will not serve he purpose. It can give the fame but the original purpose will be hampered as claimed by the other two partners. De Smith wanted to shift to California where they will get much bigger audience. But the other two friends want to stay in the New York City. In addition to it there is another conflict between them regarding the bands name. Other two friends denied changing the name o the band as proposed by De Smith. In 2007 De Smith shifted to Los Angeles and leave New York. In between the year of 2008 -10 he executed an agreement with a big recording company for the fame in the industry. This agreement helps him to get more and more contacts which actually help him to attain his dream to be famous. Riley Records, a newly initiated company wants some fresh singers for their recording. In 2011 he signed and contract with the record company and uses the songs made by the three people in the band in New York. He claimed that he was the solo writers of the song. 15 second of the song was written by him and the remaining was written by the other as claimed by him. But he uses those songs. The band knows about the matter but they were not interested in taking any legal action against him. Other two members are continuing their performance in the local level. They create a video and upload it in the internet. After watching that video De Smith filed a case against the band. The allegation was made for the violation of copy right protection. The issues that arise in this situation are as follows: Whether the plaintiff has been unlawfully deprived of his rights under copyright protection? Whether the defendants can be asked to pay compensation or damages to the plaintiff for having deprived him of his lawful rights under the provisions of the existing copyright law? Whether Mr. DeSmit has done any wrong by using the fifteen seconds of the song that belonged to CC Experience? What is the rationale behind the application of the relevant copyright laws in the given circumstances? Arguments: A musical composition is said to be consisting of music and any other words that accompany the music, its composition and the associated sound recordings. The author of a musical composition is generally the person who composes the musical note or the lyricist associated with the song. Such a piece of musical composition can be recorded in any form irrespective of its usage (Barron). The existing copyright law allows the artists and the composers to reap all the economic benefits which arise out of their creation by allowing them to have total control over when and how the music can be reproduced or distributed in terms of the agreement with the producers. As far as bands are concerned, the authors of the song are entitled to similar rights provided that certain things are kept in mind (Roland). Before getting into the composition, especially when the song is being written with someone else, the authors should clearly decide amongst themselves as to who would own the song. If such an agreement remains absent, then all the collaborators keep an equal interest in the copyright of the musical work (Wherry). A piece of musical work is considered to be a joint work if it is prepared by two or more composers with the intention that their work would be merged into a single piece of song inseparable from the other parts of each composers (Moser and Slay). In the absence of any written agreement among the composers, the song cannot be split with regard to ownership issues (Goldman). In the given situation, the members of CC Experience, jointly authored the song titled This Song in the year 2006. As such, the copyright in the song remains in action till a period of 20 years. But Mr. De Smit made himself walk away from the band and opened up Riley Records. There, he wrote another song titled The Other Song which contained fifteen seconds exactly as similar as the one present in This Song. The other two members of the band subsequently sued Mr. DeSmit for having earned profits on their work. The law point in this issue states that ownership is likely to depend on who is the author of the recordings (Turner). In this case, since the facts remain absolutely silent on who is the split owner of any part, hence the song shall be presumed to have been created by all the three composers. Since, the sound recording under question has been jointly authored, any band member (in this case Mr. DeSmit) is entitled to use the license of these recordings on a non-exclusive basis, as long as he pays the other members their pro-rata share of the earnings. In this case because Mr DeSmit has not availed of this permission neither has he cared to seek for a permission, he cannot earn royalty out of it nor can his recording unit claim those fifteen seconds to belong exclusively to them. Although the act has not been challenged here, but this is a clear instance of copyright infringement. As far as the issue with Mr. De Smith is concerned, it must be noted that he has already made a decision to leave CC Experience and he has also taken steps in this regard. He has formed his own company Riley Records. Thus, as far as the present scenario is concerned, he is not a member of CC Experience anymore and has ceased to be able to earn any profits or goodwill or fame which they get in the process of their musical work. Following this we can say that Ms. Liu and Ms. Sze, are free to perform any work that belonged to CC Experience even if Mr. De Smit has absolved from being a part of the band. In the given situation, the members of CC Experience under the name of their band have performed on their creation This Song in a public forum. Since, they have not claimed the song to have been written by them alone nor have they reproduced the song in any other form, they cannot be said to have infringed the copyright of Mr. DeSmit. They have in no way made the words of the song unrecognizable by either changing the music or the words. The song is exactly the same as it was produced and thus, Ms. Liu and Ms. Sze continue to retain the copyright and the songwriting credits of the song titled This Song. In order to sue them, Mr. Desmit needs to show at least any one of the two essential requirements of which one is to show ownership of the allegedly infringed song or he has to show that the alleged infringers have violated at least one exclusive right granted to him (Sadie). In this case, neither of the above two requirements can be fulfilled by him. Because he has himself moved out of the band, he is not entitled to claim ownership over the song because the owner in this case is the band titled CC Experience. At the same time, he can also not say that the alleged infringers have violated his rights because they have not given any individual performance of the song. Rather they have performed under the name of their band and due credits should be given to them for the same. No royalty can be claimed by Mr. DeSmit once he has decided to irrevocably move out of the band. Further, the video that went viral was also not uploaded by CC Experience. It was the act of a fan who did that. Hence, the members cannot be blamed for copyright infringement in any case. What they have done is under total authority of the band and the royalty earned by them is also lawful. They have in no way been responsible for having caused any damage to the copyright of Mr. DeSmit. There has been no infringement of the copyright rights of the plaintiff. Conclusion: It can be concluded saying that the case involved whether Mr. DeSmits copyright rights have been infringed by the members of CC Experience or not. The plaintiff is unlawfully claiming the rights in the case and thus, the decision of the court stands that the plaintiff cannot be granted any damages on the basis of copyright infringement (Greene). The judge agrees on this point and lays down that the claim raised by the plaintiff stands cancelled and he is liable to receive no damages. The Court has labored to fashion a reasonable limit on statutory damages awards against individuals who illegally claim a piece of music to be their own such that the award of statutory damages does not veer into the realm of gross injustice. Finally, the Court rejects the contentions of the Plaintiff in this suit. References Barron, A. 'Copyright Law's Musical Work'.Social Legal Studies15.1 (2006): 101-127. Web. Goldman, Eric. 'Warez Trading And Criminal Copyright Infringement'.SSRN Journaln. pag. Web. Greene, David B.The Imagining Of Community In Works Of Beethoven, Verdi, And Shostakovich. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 2010. Print. Moser, David J, and Cheryl L Slay.Music Copyright Law. Boston, Mass.: Course Technology, Cengage Learning, 2012. Print. Roland, N. 'Calculating Damages In Copyright Infringement Actions Under Belgian Law'.Journal of Intellectual Property Law Practice9.4 (2014): 292-297. Web. Sadie, Stanley. 'Copyright Or Copywrong?'.The Musical Times107.1476 (1966): 119. Web. Turner, Graeme. 'Copyright, Regulation And Power In The Recorded Music Industry: A Model'.Popular Music13.03 (1994): 339. Web. Wherry, Timothy Lee.The Librarian's Guide To Intellectual Property In The Digital Age. Chicago: American Library Association, 2002. Print.

Symbolism in The Joy Luck Club Essay Example

Symbolism in The Joy Luck Club Paper Symbolism is defined by the dictionary as the practice of attributing symbolic meanings or significance to objects, events, or relationships, which means creating an importance and special meaning in objects that normally would not be important. In The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan, a story of four Chinese immigrant women and their four American-born daughters, many symbols are presented. Throughout the many stories in the novel objects begin to hold significant importance to the women they are attributed to. Objects such as Suyuan Woos pendant, Lindo Jongs red candle, and Lena St. Clairs vase become symbolic for the relationships between these women and people and events that are important in their lives. The jade pendant given to Jing-mei June by her mother Suyuan Woo is symbolic for the relationship June has with her mother before and after Suyuans death. In the story narrated by June entitled Best Quality, she says, my mother gave me my lifes importance, a jade pendant on a gold chain (197). June describes it as, too large, too green, and too garishly ornate (197), she did not understand the pendant and in the same way she did not understand her mother. We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism in The Joy Luck Club specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism in The Joy Luck Club specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism in The Joy Luck Club specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer At this point it is a symbol of their differences. In the same chapter, June recalls the conversation she had with her mother when June received the pendant, For a long time, I wanted to give you this necklace. See, I wore this on my skin, so when you put this on your skin, then you know my meaning (208). The meaning she describes is her maternal instincts to guide her daughter, but June is unable to understand this and mistakenly labels it as criticism. Suyuan is trying to tell June that her criticisms are really love and concern, but she cannot express it in words. In the same conversation Suyuan describes the pendant, This is young jade. It is a very light color now but if you wear it everyday it will become more green (209). This description represents Junes naivety towards her mother, the young jade being June. After Suyuans death, June begins to wear that pendant every day (197) as a sign that she is starting to understand her mother and her gestures for what they really were and as a sign that her light color is becoming more green. Another object that holds an interesting symbolic message is the red marriage candle of Lindo Jong. The red candle of Lindo Jong holds many symbolic messages. When Lindo was first married a special candle was lit. This candle had two ends to light, one end had the name of the bride and the other end had the name of the groom. If neither end of the candle were to extinguish before the next day Chinese customs say that the wedding would be successful. The candle already has a symbolic meaning within the Chinese culture, the success of the marriage. Within the story it also represents the beliefs, customs, and superstitions behind the marriage. That night after the servant designated to watch the candle had run away, out of fear of the Japanese, Lindo ran into the room and [her] throat filled with so much hope that it finally burst and blew out [her] husbands end of the candle (60). Blowing the candle out symbolizes Lindo taking control of her life. Her newly acquired independence is her way of escaping her marriage without dishonoring her family. Although the servant relights the candle, Lindo exposes the truth to her mother-in-law that the flame died in the night, without making intervention known. In her plan to escape her marriage, Lindo takes advantage of the Chinese culture and the superstitions of the candle to convince her mother-in-law to annul the wedding. It symbolizes how ones culture and traditions are used to identify ones own worth and character. In the story of Lena St. Clair there are two important objects that hold an important meaning to her. The vase owned by Lena St. Clair is a symbolic representation of her marriage with her husband, Harold Livotny, who built the table the vase rests on. Lena explains to her mother, Ying-Ying St. Clair, Careful, its not too sturdy (163) when Ying-Ying discovers the wobbly table. Not too sturdy can be applied to Lenas marriage as well as the table; the vase, as well as Lena, is in an unstable position. Lenas marriage is in danger of falling into ruin. Lena describes the table as a poorly designed piece that Harold made in his student days (163). To make a marriage work both people have to work at it, but Harold is not as supportive as Lena is with him. The table is a symbol of his unaccommodating, unsupportive commitment Harold has with Lena. During the middle of a fight between Lena and Harold, the vase is shattered by Ying-Ying. All Ying-Ying says in her defense is Fallen down, (165). Lena responds as she picks up the broken shards, It doesnt matter, I knew it would happen (165). Concerned, her mother asks, Then why you dont stop it (165). Lena is to blame for the insecurity her marriage and the vase are in, but even with this knowledge she does not take action against the situation. Her mother realizes this and shatters the vase to teach Lena that she cannot just sit idly and watch, but that she should prevent an oncoming disaster if she can. The shattered vase then represents an action taken to change Lenas submissiveness and grow into a stronger more self-aware person. Each womans object is an intricate symbol of the lives surrounding its owner. Suyuans pendant changes its meaning from its first introduction to its closing. It was a symbol of difference and became a symbol of concerned and love, and in this change also signifies learning and understanding. Lindos red candle ultimately represents freedom through the understanding of tradition and culture. Lenas vase when intact represents a shaking marriage while when broken describes the discovery of her own personal worth. The symbolism used in the novel weaves each object with the event and relationship it is associated with perfectly to create a complex, expressive story.

8 Best Romance Authors Which Authors to Follow and Even Learn From

8 Best Romance Authors Which Authors to Follow and Even Learn From 8 Best Romance Authors: Which Authors to Follow and Even Learn From Brace yourself, because you’re about to feast your eyes on the best and totally non-partial or biased list of the best romance authors.Out of the millions of crazy-talented authors out there, I’ve managed to put together 8 of the best romance authors I think were integral in shaping the lives of so many artistic, hopeless romantic souls vying for a place in this book genre.Here are the 8 best romance authors:Jenna MoreciJosie SilverRainbow RowellAudrey NiffeneggerNicholas SparksJudy BlumeRichelle MeadHelen HoangNOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Fiction Self-Publishing Program. Learn how to write a kickass romance! Learn more about it hereWhat makes a good romance novel?It goes without saying that these romance authors books have become bestsellers. However, it’s a long way to get through to get on a bestseller list, but it’s real!If you are one of those crazy guys who d are to overcome this path, make sure to pay attention to each and every detail of publishing your book.Genuine romance authors know how to draw their readers’ attention right from the first page and even distract you from mulling over the plot even when you are not reading.The most important point is they follow their idea, moving, sad, and a bit insane (or absolutely crazy one).Best Romance Authors to Read and Learn FromWithout further ado, here’s my list of the best romance authors.You can read for fun or, if youre looking to write a book, you can read and learn from their methods and techniques.#1 Jenna MoreciWhile Moreci doesnt just write romance, the romance included in her novels are drool-worthy, intriguing, and most importantly, healthy.This authors debut novel Eve: The Awakening featured a romantic subplot amidst interlopers, chimeras, and more and still held its own and shined.Her second novel of a separate series, The Saviors Champion is a romantic fantasy adventure where yes, the romance is a part of the main plot (and lets be real, I could read about these characters love story forever!).Moreci has a way of delivering the romance in a natural, yet intoxicating manner while sticking true to a healthy relationship- something this industry is in desperate need of.If you love romance (along with some action), this is the author to keep an eye on.#2 Josie SilverThe Wolverhampton native is the author of One Day in December, a rising cult favorite that rose to fame thanks to the palpable warmth and charming characters that spring to life in every page.Lovely doesn’t even begin to describe Silver’s writing; her words and stories are imbued with so much magic it’s hard not to cry or swoon when you’re so far deep into the story. Although One Day in December is the first and only book in her repertoire at the moment, we’re hopeful for part 2 to Jack and Laurie’s whirlwind romance- or at least a spin-o ff!One Day in December is the magic and chaos that ensues when you’re pretty certain you’ve just locked eyes with the love of your life, only for your bus to depart without him.After a year of searching for him, you’re reunited one fateful night at your very own Christmas party- except he’s dating your roommate and BFF. Ten years of friendships, heartbreak, missed opportunities, and what ifs, roads not taken, and fate are reconsidered.Josie Silver’s masterpiece is a reminder to everyone out there – hopeless romantic or otherwise – that true love and fate take inexplicable turns along the way to happiness, but it gets there.So, to everyone out there who randomly locks eyes with someone cute on the way to work – if you feel it in your bones that they’re the one for you, go out there and do it! Who knows? They just might be the Jack to your Laurie!#3 Rainbow RowellIf you love a good cry or heartwarming page tuner, then we r eckon you should pick up any book from Miss Rowell’s highly acclaimed selection that goes from raw and real adult stories to warm and relatable teenager ones – all with a panache only the Nebraska local is capable of.Rainbow Rowell has churned out masterpieces like Attachments, Landline, Eleanor Park, Fangirl, and Carry On.Out of the impressive lot, our winner is Eleanor Park!Who knew domestic abuse, child abuse, themes of escape, bullying, and body image issues would make for one knock-out novel? Eleanor Park is everything a coming-of-age story should be.It makes you feel things so strongly, transports you to a time and place where all you can feel is Eleanor and how the world shifts around her.Together you weep at her circumstances. Together your hearts flutter for one Park Sheridan. Together you escape to Minnesota in the hopes of surviving the hand you were drawn. Riveting, raw, and real, this love story is something so uniquely special, it’ll be engraved on your brain for a long, long time.#4 Audrey NiffeneggerOkay, hear us out – time travel, unsurmountable passion, and a lifetime of waiting and intertwined destinies – could it get any better than this? Right, didn’t think so.Niffenegger gave the world a gift when she released The Time Traveler’s Wife, one of the most widely successful romance books and films to have made it into the mainstream and cult favorite niche.The story takes place between two lovers; Henry, a man born with the inexplicable ability to time travel, and Clare, a woman he has been drawn to meeting in several timelines.They fall in love, and what follows next is a series of beautiful and tragic moments that teach us the pains of having to wait your whole life for the one that owns your heart.We could only dream of creating work as stunning and riveting as this. We have so much respect for writers who hone their craft and go through the motions of delivering content that is nothing s hort of brilliant.It can be a huge, daunting task, but thanks to lifehacks like Spreadsheeto to help the best of the best streamline ideas and get that creativity flowing quickly and efficiently.#5 Nicholas SparksNicholas Sparks is on this list of best romance authors, so that means this is pretty legit now, eh?Kidding aside, this multi-awarded novelist and screenwriter is famous for bringing into the world a string of romance novels worthy of their own films.Oh wait, most of them are already on the silver screen (and doing great at that!).Sparks specializes in the language of intimacy and picturesque moments in time, and some of his greatest work include A Walk to Remember, The Notebook. The Last Song, Night in Rodanthe, The Lucky One, and Dear John.Out of the string of popular picks, The Notebook is our favorite! (Shocker). Ryan Gosling aside, the story is impeccable from beginning to end. Who doesn’t love young, passionate romance fueled by differences in societal rank an d one nosey-as-hell mother out to get in the way of her teenage daughter’s whirlwind romance with a so-called hooligan?What you can expect from this fantastic read is a love story you’ll be begging the gods for.#6 Judy BlumeHailing from New Jersey, Judy Blume is a multi-awarded child and young adult novelist whose incredible work has landed her permanency and veteran status in the hall of romance book fame.The brilliant mind behind Tiger Eyes, Forever, Are You There, God? It’s Me, Margaret, Deenie, Blubber, and Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing, Blume is out to conquer the world of fiction with one amazing book at a time.Our favorite out of the impressive lineup? Forever! Teenage sexuality, teenage angst†¦ just all of the glorious, painful, and all too real moments about being a young teenager in love are captured perfectly in Blume’s tale of navigating through youth in all its awkward intricacies. 12/10 would read again!#7 Richelle MeadThe goddess o f all things fiction, fantasy, and romance, Richelle Mead has reached household name levels of fame from exquisitely written novels that play up our favorite kind of scary – or in this case, sexy – ghouls: vampires!Mead is the author of the Vampire Academy series, which has subsequently been turned into a movie.Warning: not falling in love with Adrian Ivashkov is absolutely impossible.#8 Helen HoangThis American romance authors debut, The Kiss Quotient, is a breath of fresh air for more reasons than one: her heroine is autistic – yes, you read that right – and suffers from Asperger’s disease.Not only is her work inclusive, its also realistic and speaks to a much-needed group of people who have been underserved until her work.Get. Your. Hands. On. This. Book. Honey. Or everything on this list, for that matter!Every one of these guys is pure talent. But to succeed in this niche where every other one fails is impossible without a successful marketing campaign.Hard difficult work, but undoubtedly worth trying!Ready to have YOUR name on this list?Writing a novel, of any kind, is a feat thats not easy on your own.Check out this free training so you can write, market, and successfully publish your own romance novel and create passive income for yourself!

Meaning of the French Preposiiton A Coté De

Meaning of the French Preposiiton A Cotà © De Cà ´tà © de means next to, nearby and is very used in French - but often avoided by French students. Here are my explanations with examples. Cà ´tà © De Next To I know this preposition looks weird. But we use it a lot in French, and therefore you should get accustomed to hearing it and understanding it fast, and also try to use it yourself. Here are some examples. Jhabite cà ´tà © de là ©cole.I live near the school. Il travaille cà ´tà © de chez moi.He works next to my house. Note that cà ´tà © de is often used with another weird preposition: chez (at someones home). Cà ´tà © Nearby Je reste cà ´tà ©Ill stay nearby Here, the de place is not said, but understood. The sentence could be je rest cà ´tà © de toi, dici - next to you, next to here so it means nearby. Un Cà ´tà © Something on the Side, Something Extra cà ´tà © can also be a noun: un cà ´tà © or des cà ´tà ©s but its not very common in French.   Ce travail des cà ´tà ©s trà ¨s agrà ©ables.This work has other benefits that are very nice. Un Cà ´tà © A  Side The noun un cà ´tà © is very common in French as well, and the preposition must come from it. It means a side. Cette maison a un cà ´tà © trà ¨s ensoleillà ©.This house as a very sunny side. Jaime son cà ´tà © amusant.I like her/his funny side (trait of character). Une Cà ´te A  Coast, a Rib... That is a totally different French word. Yes, an accent can change a lot in French. Une Cà ´te means a coast, a slope, a rib... Its also the name of wines produced in this region. La Cà ´te Sauvage en Bretagne est magnifique.The Wild Coast in Brittany is gorgeous. Il y a une grande cà ´te avant darriver chez lui (we would also say une pente)The is a big slope before getting to his house. Ce soir, on mange une cà ´te de boeuf.Tonight, were eating a prime rib. Jaime beaucoup le Cà ´te de Provence.I very much like the Coast of Provence wine. Une Cote A Quoted Value Quelle est la cote en bourse de cette action?What is the value in the stock market of this share? Expressions Using Cà ´tà © And of course, there are many expressions using these words: Être cà ´tà © de la plaque - to be way off-mark, to be cluelessAvoir la cote - to be very popularÊtre cà ´tecà ´te - to be side by side

Blue Cross and Blue Shield Healthcare Program Essay

Blue Cross and Blue Shield Healthcare Program - Essay Example The initial base of finance sprung up from this partnership, which saw the ensuring of approximately thirty thousand people. In the year 1949, a charter got administered to the company for the provision of doctor’s services on the platform of a nonprofit grouping. By the onset of the year, 1955 insurance services had covered a wide span and ensured the uptake of both medical and home insurance services throughout America. After Greenville, BlueCross repositioned to Columbia in the year 1957. On the onset of Medicare, which is a federal insurance service that cares for individuals, suffering various disabilities and senior societal members BlueCross got endorsement nomination by hospitals. The nomination was for the handling of hospital plan in the first phase of the Medicare stipulations. Enactment of Medicare Medicaid in the 1960’s saw the selection of BlueCross and BlueShield by the administration to provide Medicare program. The 1973 Healthcare Maintenance Organizati on Act intensified market competition allowing BlueShield to emphasize more on quality provision and accountability. This led to the improvement of efficiencies on healthcare money expenditure.In the 1970’s the organization premiered new benefits for holding down expenses. Expenses got held down by providing plans that ensured the wellbeing of the customers was improved. In the following year, the two companies merged to become one organization.Gapenski (2003) writes that for the second phase of the Medicare program.

English Analyzing Macbeth - Act 4 Scene 3 Line 66 to 102 Essay

English Analyzing Macbeth - Act 4 Scene 3 Line 66 to 102 - Essay Example were friends before the murder of King Duncan, Malcolm is not willing to accept him as a friend until Macduff proves that he does earnestly care for his nation. After Malcolm lies to Macduff that he is so hopelessly lecherous that the women of Scotland will not be able to quench his lust, Macduff responds in a rational manner. He points out that â€Å"Boundless intemperance / In nature is a tyranny† (66-67), disapproving the way Malcolm has described himself as a person who has no control over his base desires. According to Macbeth, such limitless lust had been the reason for the dethroning of and fall of many kings. But he assures Malcolm that there is no need to lose hope. Though such a character in itself is a vice, Kings can afford to have such pleasures if they need it. It is possible to hide the lecherous aspect of a King’s character, and there could be many â€Å"willing dames† who would fulfill his desires. In fact, there could be more such dames than the â€Å"vulture† in Malcolm can devour. Though Macduff is appalled by the lack of morals involved in such an arrangement, he is willing to compromise on i t for the greater good of replacing the treacherous Macbeth who had committed the unpardonable sin of killing the King. Moreover, Malcolm is the rightful inheritor of the throne. Malcolm responds that being lecherous is not the only bad aspect of his character. He says that he is guilty also of â€Å"stanchless avarice†. He suggests that he may â€Å"cut off the nobles for their lands, / Desire his jewels and his other’s house†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (79-80). He fabricates the picture of a ruthless brute to describe himself, saying how his â€Å"more-having would be as a sauce / To make me hunger more†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (81-82). It may even lead him to quarrels with those who are good and loyal people in the nation, for stealing their wealth. Malcolm’s intent here is to find out how Madcuff would react to such propositions, so that he can judge whether he is loyal to him and the nation.

Guitar and Plectrum Instruments Essay Example for Free

Guitar and Plectrum Instruments Essay The rondalia is an ensemble of stringed instruments played with the plectrum or pick and generally known as plectrum instruments. It originated in Medieval Spain, especially in Catalunya. Aragon, Murcia, and Valencia. The tradition was later taken to Spanish America and elsewhere. The word rondaila is from the Spanish ronda, meaning serenade. The rondalia has its origins in the playing bands from Spain (as well as New Spain, namely Mexico) that were forerunners of the present-day rondalia and included four types: groups of young men who played and sang regularly in front of homes, bands of musicians known as murza or murga who begged for alms, a group of musicians known as comparza who played on stage, and groups of university musicians known asestudiantina, dubbed â€Å"tuna†. The usual musical instruments used by estudiantina members were mandolins, violins, guitars, flutes, cellos, basses, tambourines, castanets, and triangles. Estudiantina musicians in Spain and Mexico, before and during the age of musical romanticism, wore 16th century attire such as short velvet breeches, ornate shirts and a short cape with multicolored ribbons. Some instruments used for the early rondalia were influenced by the Mozarab musical instruments of the time, including the guitars, flutes and vihuelas. Mandolins, castanets and tambourines were also used and today a full range of instruments can be heard, such as the Mexican vihuela, violins and cellos, marimbas, xylophones, harps, and timbales. Today, rondalias are more modern and expressive, using lyrics that are vibrant, yet still keep with the traditional theme of melancholy love and evening serenades. Currently, there are many groups in Spain (such as La Rondalla Sierra Almijara and La Rondalla de la Costera), and Mexico (such as La Rondalla de Saltillo, La Rondalla Voces del Corazon) and United States (La Rondalla del Sagrado Corazon de Richmond) that carry on the tradition. During the Spanish period in the East Indies, the rondalia was brought to the Philippines by the Spaniards. In the early Philippines, certain styles were adopted by the natives, especially guitar and banduria used in the Pandanggo, the Jota, and the Polka. The use of the term comparza was common, however, during the American period in the Philippines, the term rondalia became more used. At present, rondalia, in the Philippines, refers to any group of stringed instruments that are played using the plectrum or pick. The Filipino instruments are made from indigenous Philippine wood and the plectrum, or picks, are made from tortoise-shell. Other stringed instruments composing the standard Filipino rondalia are the bandurria, the laà ºd, the octavina, the Twelve-string guitar, the Ukulele, the bajo de uà ±as or double bass, the Guitarrà ³n mexicano, and other Filipino-made instruments modeled and developed after the guitar. The Philippine rondalia’s repertoire include folk songs such as the Balitaw, the Kundiman, the Zarzuela, the Subli, the Harana, the Tinikling, and the Carià ±osa.

The Key to the Protection Against Tyranny in the American Constitution

Tyranny riddles many forms of government, such as oligarchy, absolute monarchy, dictatorship, autocracy, and totalitarianism. In May of 1787, delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia gathered to create a stronger central government -- while avoiding the tyranny that so many other forms of government had allowed for. James Madison, of one those very same delegates, defined tyranny as â€Å"The accumulation of all powers...in the same hands, whether of one, a few, or many...† in Federalist Paper #47. The key to the protection against tyranny in the American Constitution was the way in which power was divided. The Constitution guarded against tyranny by making provisions for federalism, the separation of powers, checks and balances of power, and fairly equal congressional power. In the Constitution, central and state governments received power that was shared and split in a federalist system, preventing tyranny of one over the other. Madison put forward his idea of federalism in Federalist Paper #51. â€Å"...the power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments...The different governments will each control each other, at the same time each will be controlled by itself† (Doc. A). A Venn diagram derived from the Constitution shows that the central government controlled national affairs such as war, foreign trade, and foreign relations, and states controlled internal affairs such as establishing public services and regulating in-state businesses. The shared powers included taxes, loans, and laws. Despite Madison’s bias towards the federalist system (rarely does one truly attack one’s own political treatise within it) in his quote, the apportioning of powers shows that neither the central or st... ...ny of a branch by setting controls on each branch set by the other branches. Fairly equalizing representation in Congress protected the power of small states overall while preserving that of larger states. However, the framers may have mistakenly given the power to prevent tyranny to the government, not the people. The framers crafted a delicate system, but one that focused on creating strong inter-governmental relations. Since the first Constitution was drafted, power slowly began shifting to the national government. If the branches wished to control more, it would not matter if they controlled each other because they would all move together. The focus on creating a government as far away as possible from despotic in a group of white, mostly wealthy, and educated landowners may have prevented the creation of the sort of tyranny-free system the people wished for.

Education Requirement Essay

1. Should there be a minimum education requirement for the beauty therapist job? Discuss Before answer this question, we should discuss about job analysis. Job analysis is the systematic process of determine skills, duties and knowledge required to performing jobs in organization. One of the purposes job analysis is to answer what qualifications are need to perform the jobs Back to our question, owner of Tangerine Center Sdn Bhd want to upgrade their business service. She want to offer more service such as spa, beauty consultant, skin therapist and medical esthetics. Based on new job descriptions and job specifications, beauty therapist should have minimum education requirement. 2. What is your opinion of Jenny’s effort to upgrade the people in the organization?. Jenny’s effort to upgrade the people in organization is good for her business. Maybe after upgrade her staff, her business can get more income. She should consider human resource management function before proceed with upgrading plan. i. Staffing She should ensure always has proper number of staff with appropriate skill, qualified and suitable number of staff. She also should have good job analysis to ensure his mission will accomplish. ii. Human Resource Development Training is important part in staff development. She should give more training to her staff in order to improve their skill. Her staffs have basic knowledge and skill as beautician. Enhancement program will improve their ability and soft skill knowledge. Another important part in human resource development is organization development. She should make her business more effective. Improve in tool and equipment will make her business more competitive. iii. Compensation When she upgrade her staff qualification, she should pay higher than staff with basic qualification. Total staff cost will increase and she should have proper plan to increase revenue. As conclusion, Jenny’s effort will give good effect to her business when she upgraded the people in the organization. 3. What legal ramifications, if any, should Jenny have considerer? As an employer, Jenny should be aware of the rules and guideline for hiring and recruiting an employee. This is for major law to follows ; i. Employment Act 1955 : A Guide To Malaysian Labour Laws ii. Workmen’s Compensation iii. Children and Young Persons (Employment) Act 1966 (Revised 1988) iv. Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994

Addiction in Adults and It’s Effects on Their Children Essay

When thinking about drug addiction in adults, one often thinks about and wonders how and when an adult starts or becomes addicted to drugs. Studies have shown that people who have become addicted to drugs from various causes of society. Daily stress of everyday life, some people are forced to start drugs in certain situations, the process and life of a person dealing with drug addiction during pregnancy, the use of drugs during pregnancy, and the effects of drug use during pregnancy; just to name a few. See more: Foot Binding In China essay According to Authors: Lawrence Robinson, Melinda Smith, M. A. , and Joanna Saisan, M. S. W. Last updated: January 2012, â€Å"Many first try drugs out of curiosity, to have a good time, because friends are doing it, or in an effort to improve athletic performance or ease another problem; such as stress, anxiety, or depression. Drug abuse and addiction is less about the amount of substance consumed or the frequency, and more to do with the consequences of drug use. No matter how often or how little you’re consuming, if your drug use is causing problems in your life—at work, school, home, or in your relationships—you likely have a drug abuse or addiction problem. † Drug addiction leads adult down the road of consequences, which such consequences could lead to pregnancy and childbirth. Some addicts may try to clean up during pregnancy however; there are plenty of people addicted to drugs so bad that it consumes their mind. Society has to take in account that there have been studies done on the effects of a parent addicted to drugs raising children. One can find facts that have found that there are parents that are considered functioning drug addicts. Some drug addicted parents are not involved in their children’s life. Now this leads society to wonder about some of the effects that the child may experience. Some children may have serious or several health issues when they are born addicted to drugs. Experts have also shown that some children may not have a medical issue but may experience mental and emotional issues at the same time. According to Lisa Levin, student of psychology, the University of Umea, Sweden, under guidance by Gunborg Palme, certified psychologist, certified psychotherapist, teacher and tutor in psychotherapy, â€Å"The American psychologist Janet G. Woititz was one of the first who paid real attention to the situation for adult children of addicts, with her book â€Å"Adult Children of Alcoholics†. In this book, she elucidated various characteristics that she found in many of these adult children. † Drug ddiction in adults can lead to a world of destruction for both the parents and children. Children can be removed from the home and placed in foster care. Sometimes these children experience terrible situations such as molestation and abuse. However, in other circumstances where some drug addicted adults willing give their children up to family members to rise. At times some of these children can lead down the path of drugs as well. It is being proven that some kids born addicted to drugs have also done drugs as a teenager and adult. In cases children will even sell drugs, work in adult clubs and entertainment, participate in prostitution, and even have children at early ages. But still one can find some of these children also can have a successful story and go down a completely different path, such as success, college, financial stability, or even religious background. The individual is the one that makes the choice on what path they will take in life. Lisa Levin also stated, â€Å"Children of addicts are more likely to develop their own substance abuse and social behavior problems than other children. According to certain researchers, the risk is twice as high, while others estimate the risk to be 4-9 times higher. † Personal thoughts on drug addiction in adults and the effects it has on their children would have to be so many that run through my head. I believe that children have the chose to make two options in their lives. Since dealing with family members who were and are addicted to drugs and their children have graduate from college, work a good job which pays good money, are married and have a family. I have at the same token had cousins that have also been addicted to drugs, prostitution, selling drugs, end up in jail, and have even died following the wrong path in their life. We all have to be responsible for ourselves and live life accordingly. I don’t believe that all children have bad effects of drug addicted parents. I believe they can choose to live a better life and change their situation for the better. One must always find the confidence, drive, and determination to want to make their life what they desire. When being a witness to both sides of the fence, bias is up in the air for now.

Covert intervention as a moral problem Essays

Covert intervention as a moral problem Essays Covert intervention as a moral problem Essay Covert intervention as a moral problem Essay The CIA has been greatly involved in the aggregation of intelligence every bit good as being engaged in covert action for the benefit of the United States. Harmonizing to the 1991 Intelligence Authorization Act covert action is merely described as a peculiar activity of the authorities of the United provinces that is meant to act upon. economical. political. or military state of affairss in the universe. in that the function of the United States will non be acknowledged by many or publically. Under covert action. the exact purposes or the grounds behind the actions are non known by the foreign states therefore secretiveness is the chief constituent of covert actions. Covert actions and the function of the CIA Covert actions merely involves activities that include back uping political parties. covert propaganda. private groups. economic operations and even persons through advice or subsidisation with an purpose of back uping or subverting the bing government in a foreign state. There is a difference between covert actions and cloak-and-dagger aggregation attempts whereby the covert actions are chiefly designed for act uponing conditions in foreign states while the clandestine attempts are aimed at supplying the intelligence community of the United States with information that can be used in planing the covert actions. The CIA is the organic structure that is responsible for the intent of obtaining intelligence and supplying policymakers with relevant information for the intent of planing covert actions on foreign states. Apart from being the supplier of the intelligence information to policymakers. the CIA is besides the same organic structure that is engaged in transporting out the covert actions every bit good as reding policymakers with respect to the intelligence they have gathered. The CIA as an intelligence organic structure that is besides involved in transporting out the covert action in foreign states ever strives to construct and keep its repute both in the eyes of the United States citizens and foreign states. To be able to keep its repute and set itself as an bureau that is committed to functioning the state and its citizens while at the same clip advancing international dealingss. the CIA has to make a via media. The protecting the American citizens and the state at big every bit good as supplying information for other foreign states requires transparence. Under the covert actions and operations. there is a batch of secretiveness and the lone clip information gets to make the populace is when operations have gone rancid. This means that the CIA has an involvement of protecting itself from critics within the populace and avoids incrimination by the populace while at the same clip transporting out its operations. The CIA is besides closely involved with disposal functionaries and policymakers whereby the intelligence from the CIA is questioned and analyzed by the policymakers when doing determinations. However. over the old ages. the CIA has been faced with the challenge of deficiency of committedness on the portion of the policymakers to take clip and read the intelligence provided by the bureau. Alternatively. most policymakers have been keen on intelligence that is related to current hazards. The involuntariness or the inability of policymakers to pass a batch of clip in analysing longer-range issues has been a beginning of defeat. The CIA have the responsibility to supply intelligence as they receive it and besides take portion in covert actions as they are assigned therefore the demand to hold a balance between the two. The CIA has to guarantee that it provides relevant information to policymakers because in the long tally. it is the bureau that is ever blamed when covert actions to non travel as planned. Therefore. the CIA has great involvement in the intelligence and the covert actions that they take portion in since the bureau has to turn out its worth and demonstrate that it performs its responsibilities. Bing the supplier of intelligence and at the same clip the user of the intelligence requires a batch of unity to guarantee that there is no biasness whereby the CIA provide information that it is cognizant will work in its favour. As a manner of guaranting that the covert actions that the carry out and acquire involved in are successful to construct their image in the eyes of the populace. the CIA may be given to pull strings the information and intelligence they provide to policymakers. It is rather hard to be certain with the sort of intelligence that the CIA provides to the policymakers as non being biased due to the ground that they are the same users of the information that they have gathered. The CIA as an intelligence bureau and one that is held in high repute would non desire the public image that they have built get ruined by the sort of intelligence and covert actions they undertake. Therefore. based on the ground that the CIA is the supplier and user of the intelligence they gather every bit good as the purpose of protecting the bureau from bad public image and repute. it can be said that there is a struggle of involvement. Furthermore. based on the issue that the intelligence the CIA gathers is provided to policy shapers and in most occasions the policymakers do non take their clip in reading and analysing intelligence that is set for longer-use. the CIA has to guarantee that the information they provide to the policymakers would non compromise the bureau. Therefore. it can besides be said that there is struggle of involvement whereby the CIA. the supplier and user of intelligence. has to guarantee that policymakers to non do incorrect determinations that will compromise the bureau. The CIA besides has the authorization of advancing democracy both locally and internationally but this is non the instance with the intelligence gathered every bit good as the covert actions they undertake. There is a batch of secretiveness whereby the populace is left out on covert actions issues and intelligence hence it can be said that the CIA is practising dual criterions. Democracy requires people to be good informed. something that is non the instance with respect to the covert actions and intelligence gathered by CIA. Decision The CIA has greater responsibility of protecting the populace. the United States authorities and its involvement while at the same clip keeping a reputable public image both locally and internationally. There are times when the CIA has to supply some intelligence in certain state of affairss while at times it has to avoid allowing the populace know of what is traveling on based on the ground that the image of the bureau may be destroyed in instance the covert actions do non travel as planned and no positive consequences achieved. Therefore. the CIA. apart from being an intelligence bureau that provides intelligence and gets involved in covert actions. has the responsibility of protecting itself from the populace. both locally and internationally. This could ensue in biasness in the sort of intelligence that it provides to policymakers every bit good as how it carries out the covert actions. hence struggle of involvement. Mentions Beitz. Charles R. Covert intercession as a moral job. Ethics A ; International Affairs 3. no. 1 ( 1989 ) : 45-60. Berger III. Joseph B. Covert Action: Title 10. Entitle 50. and the Chain of Command. JFQ: Joint Force Quarterly no. 67 ( 2012 4th Quarter 2012 ) : 32-39. By Bill Gertz. The Washington Times. Military. CIA shun 9/11 panel on covert operations. Washington Times. The ( DC ) ( September 9. 2011 ) : 1. Regional Business News Jeffreys-Jones. Rhodri. Covert Action in the Cold War: United states Policy. Intelligence. and CIA Operations. Journal of American History 97. no. 4 ( 2011 ) : 1173-1174. Little. Douglas. Mission Impossible: The CIA and the Cult of Covert Action in the Middle East. Diplomatic History 28. no. 5 ( November 2004 ) : 663-701 Meyer. Joel T. Supervising The Pentagon: Covert Action And Traditional Military Activities In The War On Terror. Administrative Law Review 59. no. 2 ( Spring2007 2007 ) : 463-478. Prouty. L. Fletcher. The secret squad: the CIA and its Alliess in control of the United States and the universe. Skyhorse Publishing Inc. . 2011. Beginning papers

Free sample - Music. translation missing

Music. MusicOutline I. Introduction The term Haram implies â€Å"an act which is prohibited.† II. What are some of the reasons that some Muslims consider music to be Haram? There are a number of reasons which explain why some Muslims consider music to be Haram.    Introduction The term Haram implies â€Å"an act which is prohibited.† This is in accordance with the Islamic religion. The followers of this religion (the Muslims) consider the act of listening to any kind of music for instance, Soul, Religious, or even Rhythm and Blue to be an offense. Also, according to them, Islamic religion prohibits whichever form of singing, and usage of musical gadget(s) during this process. These acts according to this religion are enough reasons for disgusting our hearts. They are also responsible for waning it (the heart) (Miller and Shahriari 10). What are some of the reasons that some Muslims consider music to be Haram? There are a number of reasons which explain why some Muslims consider music to be Haram. One, in the holy book of Islam (the Koran), it is written that â€Å"any person who procures/buys redundant talks with the sole-purpose of giving fellow human being(s) the wrong impression regarding what God has commanded via ridicule shall severely be punished.† Scores of Islamic studies academicians across the globe have interpreted the expression ‘redundant or idle talk’. To them, this expression implies ‘chanting/singing’ (Hamditabligh). Two, in one occasion, Prophet Mohammed said that â€Å"some Muslims deemed a number of societal vices to be legitimate.† These include adultery, and consumption of alcoholic beverages. Others are donning of silk regalia and usage of musical gadgets during worship. He further stated that several followers of the religion shall stay out at the foothills of the ton/mountain from sun up to sun down waiting for the arrival of the marshals/shepherds. They shall be compelled to do this so as to pose a number of queries. However, the marshals shall inform them to go back to their respective places of residences, and return to the foothills the following day. Mohammed noted that â€Å"God shall completely destroy these followers throughout the night. Furthermore, he (Allah or God) shall use his superpowers to permit the ton to descend on them thereby destroying them completely (Hamditabligh). Mohammed in addition noted that Allah shall perform miracles and change those followers who will not have been destroyed into certain wild and domestic animals. These include monkeys and pigs. The transformed individuals shall stay in this form till renaissance. Many Muslim leaders and Islamic studies specialists have interpreted these remarks. They have suggested that Mohammed considered usage of musical gadgets to be illegitimate, and therefore no Muslim should attempt to do so. One of the specialists is Ibn Al-Qayyim. He authored a book which is known as ‘Ighathat Al-Lahfan.’ In this book, he argues that â€Å"Mohammed banned these vices, but mankind didn’t heed to this prohibition, and continues to perceive them (the vices) as legitimate† (Hamditabligh). Three, during his lifetime, Prophet Mohammed was asked by one of his follower â€Å"why he had stated that those individuals who worshipped, and offered sacrifices to God including those who believe that he (Mohammed) is Gods’ herald, and those who follow all the other Islamic teachings and laws shall be changed into animals.† The Prophet (Mohammed) answered him that this â€Å"is owing to their utilization of musical gadgets during worship.† Four, it is written in the holy book of Islam that God censured the worship of ‘Kuffar’s’ at a place called ‘Kaa’bah’. This implies that Allah, censured/criticized those Muslims who revered him at this place since they practiced ‘Muka'an’. Furthermore, they practiced ‘Tasdiyah’. In accordance with well known Islamic studies scholars, the term ‘Muka'an’ implies shrilling or whistling. The term ‘Tasdiyah’ on the other hand implies applauding/clapping of hands during singing. Five, it has well been documented by well known Islamic religion experts that the act of listening to any kind of music is a significant contributor to the reinforcement of the Devilish customs, and therefore, qualifies to be Haram. Also, they have argued that there is no single occasion in which the Messenger of God (Mohammed) in his lifetime together with his cohorts assembled so as to sing. In this regard, the academicians conclude that â€Å"no Muslim should partake in any form of singing.† Six, some Muslims argue that this act (of listening to music) over the radio and more has a higher likelihood of making the sentiments/emotions of the listener to turn out to be less zealous once he or she hears Islamic teachings. Scores of the followers of this religion also argue that musical gadgets/instruments belong to the devil.   Due to this reason, any person who pays attention to them (the musical instruments) shall thereafter boogie/dance very much. This person will on a prayer session pray rapidly. He-or she shall in addition pray while sitting as opposed to kneeling (Scott 23). Seven, Islamic religion requires every Muslim to declaim/recite the holy book during worship. However, according to well known academicians, any person who listens to music shall suffer from a number of mental disorders which will not allow him-or her to declaim it in the correct way. This individual will not fancy paying special attention to the holy book. He-or she cannot understand facts written in it (the Koran) during recitation. Secondly, the scholars have argued that the music listener cannot have any palate/flavor for it. Therefore, this person shan’t have adoration for the Koran. As a result, he or she will not derive gratification while studying it (the holy book). Eight, according to some Muslims, it is well written in the book of Ayah (Chapter forty three (43), and verse thirty six) that â€Å"any Muslim who commits sin will be made the Devils’ comrade by God.† Owing to the fact that most Muslims consider music to be Haram, then any person who listens to it shall be made the Devils’ comrade (Hamditabligh). Nine, some Imams have argued that the devil utilizes a number of tactics so as to ensnare those Muslims whose faith in Allah (God) is extremely low. Among them (the tactics) are clapping of hands during singing, and whistling.   These persons usually fail to follow Islamic teachings to the later owing to two main attributes. One of them is the lack of acumen. The second one is inadequate seriousness. Due to these attributes, most of these persons utilize musical gadgets. Also, they listen to music which is considered to be Haram. According to them, such persons engage in sinful acts. Moreover, they refuse to comply with laws that have been set out by our creator (Allah). These Imams have reiterated that the act of listening to music is similar to engaging in irresponsible sexual behaviors. These include incest, lesbianism, and sodomy. Others are infidelity and bestiality. Ten, some Imams have stated that Music is similar to Allah’s enemy (the devil). Also, they regard music to be a contributor of sour relationship between a person who listens to it, and our creator (Allah). They have squabbled/argued that Allah’s enemy has made those individuals whose allegiance to Allah is low to fall in love with chanting-or singing. He has also furnished them with misleading facts as a result of which they (music listeners) end up utilizing them as proof for the pleasure derived during singing. To them, all music listeners shall with time start following Allah’s enemy teachings. Due to this, they will cease reading the Koran so as to concentrate on these teachings (Devil’s teachings). They have squabbled that those people who have reached this stage normally rest in a cool place or inside the house, switch on the radio or the television, and permit their souls to pay attention to music. As a consequence, the devil in the form of music will make their souls to be extremely excited. Furthermore, he will make them to boogie/dance similar to a prostitute, or a male homosexual. Eleven, some of them have suggested that the act of listening to music makes the listener to appear as if he-or she has consumed an alcoholic beverage. This makes the listener’s soul to be split into debris. Also, it makes him-or her to craft an assortment of jokes regarding the Islamic religion. Music is also believed to be palatable to them as compared to the Islamic teachings. Muslims believe that if an individual listens to these teachings as opposed to music, then he or she shall not be punished by Allah. Twelve, Islamic religion considers music to be Allah’s enemy holy book. Most Imams across the globe have constantly reiterated that all those individuals who pay special attention to music do vend the good things offered to them by God to his enemy.   It is similar to a trader who buys a product at a certain price, and sells it at a loss. Therefore, it is needless for a person to listen to music or sing since he or she is likely to encounter immense losses. However, a person will derive the greatest delight when he or she recites the Koran (Miller and Shahriari 24). Thirteen, there is a Muslim Sheikh who was requested to make a comment regarding music. His name is Abdulaziz Bin Baz. The Muslim cleric argued that he only listens to music to derive gratification from it. As far as wedding ceremonies are concerned, Abdulaziz clarified that singers should only make use of Tambourine during singing. He stressed that this instrument should specifically be played by female adults. Fourteen, some Muslims argue it is a type of a game meant only to create fun. Due to this reason, they squabble that it does not contribute to the sacred growth of the listener and, thus inconsequential. Finally, some Muslims have stated that a lonesome person who is listening to any kind of music turns out to be more lonesome. On the other hand, a millionaire or a billionaire will feel extremely elated when listening to music. This means that the act of listening to music escalates the sadness in a sad individual. It also makes a glad person happier (Islam Newsroom).

An Introduction to Theory of Constraints Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

An Introduction to Theory of Constraints - Essay Example TOC is very significance in the fields of management and engineering when it comes to finding solutions to problems in the most accurate, simple and consistent. It helps in reduction of inventory levels, lead and cycle times while improving revenue and reducing time. Significant researches have been done in the field of TOC. Elyahu Goldraft and Jeff Cox in their book â€Å"The Goal: Process of ongoing improvement† highlighted various TOC processes like identification and exploitation of system constraints and goals. They also came up with the classification of constraints as market, policy and physical. These constraints were further subdivided into sub constraints and theories of constraints discussed. Mindset constraint is based on culture and frame of mind, measures is based on the relationship between constraints and achievement of organizational goals and method constraint based on relationship between procedures and technique to achieving actions incompatible with the or ganizational goals. Application of TOC in the Manufacturing example indicates understanding of redefinition of systems goal, thru put, inventory and operating expenses. TOC also helps in calculation of profits and making production decision. Financial Management, Cash Flow and Accounting Principles The objective of this topic would be to comprehend the creation and usage of the accounting information, understanding of accounting language and application of financial accounting in an organization. This would be summarized in the following paragraphs. Finance and accounting have varied roles within an organization. Some of these roles are applied internally within an organization while others are used externally outside an organization. Finance and accounting helps in provision of financial position of an organization, taxation of an organization by the state, federal and the local government. ES-4910 Survey of Engineering Management presents (1) Organizational financial report is als o used by external organs in investment regulation and valuation. Organizational management uses finance and accounting in budgeting, setting product prices, checking of organization performance as well as in general operation of an organization. Understanding of accounting information is very vital to the organizational management. Recording of cash versus accruals forms basics of financial entries. Cash is always entered when there is transfer of cash whereas accruals are entered there is revenue earned or expenditure is incurred. Accrual is a record of transactions over the same period whereas cash records are not time dependent. Other accounting basics include the understanding of business assets, liabilities equity ledger, revenue, expenditure and profit. Accounting entries like the principle of double entry in an accounting is very important in making account receivables and expenditure occurring at the same time. Rules of making entries in journal and using it in calculation of profit and loss are very important. Financial statements help in understanding of different activities in a business. They include cash flows, owner’s equity, business financial position and operational statements. Financial analysis involves comparison of financial information based on period, company changes whereas ratio analysis involves comparison of assets and liabilities. There are current ratio and quick ratio. In the analysis of profits the following are considered; asset return, equity return, gross margin, earning per share. Analysis of ratios involves calculation of; turnover ratio on assets, average turnover ratio and turnover ratio of inventory. In the analysis

The Use Of Recycled Plastics As Structural Elements In Construction Essay

The Use Of Recycled Plastics As Structural Elements In Construction - Essay Example First the lumber is stated to be molded in one specified size and UV additives are utilized for prevention against deterioration due to UV light exposure. Structural plastic lumber does not experience such as rotting, cracking, splintering or splitting for at least fifty years and is additionally reported to be of the nature that resists such as termites, salt spray, fungus and marine borers. Formation of the plastic and fiberglass mixture involves heating and continuous extrusion and then the substance is formed into the shape that is needed followed by cooling and cutting. An outer layer that is high-density and solid results from the continuous extrusion process and produces as well a cellular inner core that is less dense and which is wanted and needed for adding to the strength and weight of the material. (American Recycled Plastic, Inc, 2006, paraphrased) It was reported by BBC News that a company is building homes made from 18 tonnes of recycled waste plastic. Specifically, Affresol of Swansea is reported to have developed a technology that is useful in building houses that are low carbon from plastics and minerals. It is reported that that Welsh Assembly Government money is backing the firm which has â€Å"launched a range of eco-friendly homes and four-tonne modular portable buildings.† (BBC News, ) The new sustainable process is reported to have great potential for the construction industry and most specifically for promoting ‘green jobs’. A new material has been developed that has been called ‘Thermo-Poly Rock (TPR) which is made from plastics and minerals that have been recycled for the specific use as a structural building product. It is reported that the TPR panels are bolted together to produce the â€Å"load bearing frame of the house which can be externally clad with brick, block or stone, with the interior insulated and plastered as any other house.† (BBC News, 2010) The roof was

Macro5B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Macro5B - Essay Example As statistics show, the GDP rose, unemployment fell and incomes rose bringing the economy back to life. GDP grew from -0.3% in 1980 to 4.1% in 19881 which in return decreased the unemployment rate from 7.1% to 1.6%3 which created a net job increase of approximately 16 million. One of the most ironic statistics is that of inflation; this model has a very optimistic approach towards the economy as economic growth is associated with large scale inflation, however, statistics show that inflation, from 13.5% in 1980 declined to only 4.1% till 1988. It’s a startling fact that outlines the success of this economic model. Focusing on the statistics, one may draw out the conclusion of the success of Reagonomics, there are critics who argue in every field but past trends supported by authentic statistics answer the question of the efficiency of any model, which in this case turned out to be optimistic. A report published in 1996 also draws out the conclusion by stating that the economy of the U.S performed better during the Reagon years4. Answer 2: The whole economy revolves around a few commodities that are essential for day to day operations of a Country; one of the most vital of these commodities is Oil. OPEC is one of the biggest oil companies and each economy is affected by prices set by OPEC (It’s like an oligopoly). Increase or decreases in fuel prices by such monopolies tend to hamper or support economic growth; such monopolies are directly related to a Country’s economic system. In general, oil is known to be a compliment or a raw material for many other goods in an economy therefore a price change of oil may lead to cost push inflation or deflation. In case where OPEC decides to increase the price of oil, this would lead to cost push inflation in the economy; the aggregate (total) supply of the economy would shift upwards bringing about price hikes as shown in the diagram: In the short run, what’s happening is the increase in price o f oil is pushing the supply down and creating price hikes as the short run aggregate supply curve moves from AS1 to AS2. This effect will impact people but not as much in the short run; people are more flexible and have fixed schedules and will not alter their fuel consumption just because of an increase in fuel prices in a day; even if the increase is steep, in the short run it is expected that people would absorb the impact The demand for oil in the short run would be relatively inelastic and the economy would not suffer to a large extent. However, in the long run, situation may be different as people’s demand for oil may become elastic as they want to adapt to changes in an optimistic light. In the long run, the demand for OPEC oil would be relatively elastic and fuel price increases may cause the economy to suffer at large. The direct impact on the economy depends on where the economy is operating at the point and what is the shape of their long run aggregate supply curve as there is a difference in opinion for the monetarist and Keynesian model for long run aggregate supply curve. If we follow the Keynesians model; the impact to the economy of an increase in oil prices depends largely on where the

The Origin And Types Of Thrash Metal Music Essay

The Origin And Types Of Thrash Metal Music Essay We all know punk and classic metal were the two places thrash was taken from. Black Sabbath, Judas Priest, Venom, Accept, Iron Maiden, Diamond Head and Thin Lizzy had a big influence on thrash. So did punk bands like Discharge, The Ramones, Sex Pistols and The Dead Boys. Another genre that thrash took influence from was hair metal, from the early hair metal of KISS to the satanic hair metal of Venom. Songs like Symptom of the Universe Black Sabbath, Stone Cold Crazy Queen, Ace of Spades and Overkill Motorhead and dozens of Judas Priest songs like Exciter were the first hints of thrash, with a very different riff-structure and high tempos never reached before by rock/metal. Thrash metal is directly responsible for the offshoot of popular underground metal genres, such as death metal and black metal BLACK METAL: During the 1980s, certain thrash metal bands formed a prototype for black metal. This so-called first wave included bands such as Venom, Bathory, Hellhammer AND Celtic Frost DEATH METAL : Building from the musical structure of thrash metal and early black metal, death metal emerged during the mid 1980s Metal acts such as Slayer, Kreator, Celtic Frost and Venom were very important influences to the crafting of the genre. Along with the band Death and its frontman Chuck Schuldiner, who is often referred to as the father of death metal bands such as Possessed, Obituary and Morbid Angel are often considered pioneers of the genre [b]Early Thrash:[/b] Many people see the genre getting its beginnings in California and the West Coast. But it was happening all over the world. Metal Church is the band that started off the West Coast thrash scene with their infamous Red Skies demo. About the same time as Metal Church was releasing some of the heaviest metal in existence at the time, the same was going on in New Jersey with a cover band, Overkill, who recently started writting their own music. By 1981, Overkill had written, copyrighted and been performing their new song, Unleash The Beast Within, everywhere. Kreator, of Germany, at the time known as Tormentor, was also releasing live demos of some of their new heavy thrash style by the very early 80s. Another band who helped innovate thrash, but is given little credit for it is Znowhite, a thrash band from Chicago, IL. Znowhite had their first demos out by 1981, but a Chicago thrash scene never really developed from it. And last but not least is the Canadian thrash giant, Exciter, who released their first demos as early as 1980! Soon after, still in the very early 80s, a new band was beginning to pick up the lighter thrash/classic metal sound Metal Church had innovated, and they brought it to a new level of speed and heaviness. This band was Leather Charm, a not so well known name, run by a nearly household name, James Hetfield. He developed the style of Metal Church into a new milestone in thrash, which went by the name Hit The Lights. The song started as a cover song, but moved very far away from that and into one of the first true thrash songs ever written. Soon after they finished this song, the band disbanded, and James Hetfield than formed a new band by the name of Metallica in late 1981. Soon many other bands that had connections with some of the first pioneers of thrash, like Overkill, Metallica, Tormentor (Kreator) and Metal Church, started to develop a thrash sound as well. Exodus, Trauma and Warning SF were examples on the east coast. Those three bands, and a few others, being the founders of what would become the biggest thrash scene in existence. And Anthrax would soon follow in Overkills footsteps on the east coast. Sodom, Destruction and Angel Dust followed after Tormentor/Kreators style in Germany. During Metallicas early career, the band was having trouble with their Lead guitarist, who was constantly out partying, drinking and doing drugs. This man was Dave Mustaine, and after Exodus and Kirk Hammet (at the time guitarist of Exodus) were brought to Metallicas attention, they kicked Mustaine out of the band and recruited Kirk Hammet. Not long before this, a new bassist, Cliff Burton, was found by Metallica during a Trauma (Burtons band at the time) concert and recruited as their new bassist. Megadeth was soon formed by the enraged Dave Mustaine to get vengeance against Metallica. [b]The Bay Area/San Francisco:[/b] This thrash scene was founded in the very early 80s, around 1982, by thrash band Exodus as well as Death Angel, Dark Angel, Blind Illusion and Slayer in 1983. Bands like Trauma (who was more so a speed metal band than thrash), Hirax, Testament, Forbidden, Possessed and dozens of others developed and helped the scene as well. Slayer is probably the best known of all the pioneering bands of the Bay Area, although during their early career, it was not thrash they were playing at the start of their career, it was classic metal, hugely influenced by NWOBHM. Blind Illusion is one of the least known, but has two of the most recognized metal musicians of all time, Les Claypool, of Primus, and Larry LaLonde, of Possessed and Primus. Bands like Blind Illusion and Forbidden would become pioneers of a soon to come sub-genre of thrash, Tech. thrash. Possessed and Slayer would become godfathers of the genre that developed from thrash, death metal, as well as brut al thrash. [b]East Coast Thrash:[/b] This scene was largely based in Newyork. The first thrash band of this scene, Overkill, might have started in New Jersey, but they soon relocated to New York. The next band to come was Hades, a straight-forward thrash band with a huge-octived vocalist came onto the thrash scene in 82 with the demo, Deliver Us From Evil. Even though Hades formed in 1978, they didnt record material until 82. Bands like Anthrax came onto the scene soon after in 1982, which were probably the second most important pioneer of the East Coast thrash scene (Even though they came after Hades, they largely popularized the scene, making it easier for thrash bands to make it in New York in particular). Bands like Blessed Death (in 83/84), Nuclear Assault (in 84), Hallows Eve (in 84), Nasty Savage (in 84), Whiplash (in 84), Ludichrist (in 85), Deceased (in 85). A later band who didnt really contribute to the creation of the scene was Blood Feast, and I just thought Id mention them as they re considered the Slayer of the East Coast. [b]Teutonic Thrash: [/b]Better known as German Thrash, was started by thrash band Kreator in 81/82, but at the time, the band was known as Tormentor. For some reason, the German Thrash scene was much heavier in general than any American thrash scene. The two other big pioneers of German thrash were Sodom, in 1983, and Destruction, in 1984.. Vendetta was also a big contributor to the scene, but never got the credit they deserved. They wrote great music and released their first material in 82, before Sodom or Destruction. Bands like Tankard (in 84), Living Death (in 83), Holy Moses (First album in 87, dont know when their first demos were), Iron Angel (in 84) and Angel Dust (in 85), both had huge influences on the scene, too. These bands would go on to help aid the creation of extreme metal (black/death metal), especially Kreator. Some of the other big bands of the scene were Assassin (in 85), Exumer (in 85), Accuser (in 86), Deathrow (in 86) and Paradox (in 87). The oddest of the well known thrash bands is probably Mekong Delta, a prog/thrash band, whose guitarists were unknown for the beginning of their career and are hugely influenced by classical composers. The German thrash scene is still alive with bands like Grinder and Desaster, but its nearing death and is nowhere near as popular as it once was. [b]Canadian Thrash[/b]: Canada is known for producing several top quality tech. thrash, but for some reason, people usually dont go farther beyond the tech. giants like Annihilator and Voivod. The pioneers of the Canadian thrash scene were Exciter (in 1980), Eudoxis (Not very popular, but they have influence almost every Canadian thrash band. They released Metal Fix in 1985), Voivoid (in 83), Annihilator (in 85), Razor (in 84) and Slaughter (in 84.. Not the Shitty Las Vegas hair metal band). Voivod debuted in 1984, but it wasnt until their 1987 album, Killing Technology did they add prog. to their song-structures. Annihilator was the band that started the tech. thrash scene in Canada, while Voivod brought it to new levels. Annihilator didnt debut until 1989, but had tech. thrash demos out as early as 1985. Bands like Razor and Slaughter were some of the earliest thrashers, but it was Eudoxis who set the standards with their near-perfect EP, Metal Fix. Exciter was the first band to br ing thrash/speed metal to Canada, and one of the first three speed/thrash metal bands in existence. Some of the other big Canadian thrashers were Ghoulunatics, Infernal Majesty, Dyoxen, Sacrifice, DBC and Obliveon. On a random note, Eudoxis drummers double bass drums were six feet in diameter each! [b]Brazilian Thrash:[/b] The latest big thrash scene to develop. The scene was started by Ratos de PorALo, they were a hardcore punk band, bordering thrash, and were fairly popular. The actual thrash scene was pioneered by Vulcano (in 83), Sepultura (in 85), Korzus (in 84/85) and Overdose (in 85). Other big Brazilian thrash bands are Chakal (in 86), Dorsal AtlAcntica (in 85.. Known as Ultimatum at the time), Opprobrium (in 87.. Then known as Incubus, no relation to the rap-metal band Incubus, though), Mutilator (in 85), Torture Squad (in 93) and Holocausto (in 85.. It was a very controversial band, and Ill explain why soon). Sepultura was a brutal thrash band that released their first material in 1985, AKA Bestial Devastation. They were influenced by Brazilian death/thrash band, Vulcano, the first big thrash band onto the scene. Now about Holocausto, you can probably guess why they were controversial from the name. Holocausto was a thrash of neo-nazis whose lyrics were based on neo-n azism. The Brazilian thrash scene is still healthy and probably the only of the big thrash scenes still far from death. [b]Thrash from Everywhere Else[/b]: There were a couple other smaller thrash scenes that I decided to just throw together in an Everywhere Else section. There was Sabbat (in 85), Onslaught (in 83) and Xentrix (in 89), being the three premier British thrash bands. Prog. Thrash band Stone (in 87) of Finland, Artillery (in 83) of Denmark and uber-technical thrash band Coroner (in 86) of Switzerland. Finally, there is Mortal Sin (in 87), Hobbs Angel of Death (in 88 ) and Sadistik Exekution (in 91) of Australia. Those are all the big thrash metal bands I havent covered yet. Now onto sub-genres. [b]Crossover:[/b] This is a sub-genre of bands whose punk influence is so strong that they crossover into both hardcore and thrash. The sub-genre was first introduced by DRI (AKA Dirty Rotten Imbeciles) with their 1982 EP, Dirty Rotten EP. The next most important pioneer was Suicidal Tendencies who released their first material in 1983. They usually influenced thrash and started the Crossover sub-genre. Bands to follow in their footsteps would be Nuclear Assault (in 84), Hirax (in 85), Anthrax (In 85, as after their debut, they began focusing on their hardcore influences), Stormtroopers of Death (in 85), MOD (in 86), Ludichrist (in 85) and Cryptic Slaughter (in 86). [b]Groove Metal :[/b] Groove Metal was a genre of groove-based melodies and usually slower tempod riffs, solos, etc, than normal thrashThis genre was pioneered by Exhorder in the mid/late eighties (Starting in 86), but popularized by Pantera (First Groove Metal albums in 1990). The genre became very popular before of Pantera and was also played by Sepultura on the album, Arise. some other great groove metal bands are Machine Head (in 94), Ghoulunatics (in 95), Prong (Later albums) and Overkill (From The Killing Kind to BloodLetting.. AKA their 1996-1999 albums). [b]Technical Thrash:[/b] This genre is pretty much a combination of progressive metal and thrash metal. The pioneers of this genre were Watchtower, of Austin Texas, who released their first material in 1984, on the Demo Meltdown. They were the first big metal band to fuse prog. and thrash, along with Blind Illusion at least, who released less popular demos in very late 1983/1984. Annihilator followed in a thrashier form of technical thrash with their first demos being released in 1985. Some other great pioneering tech. thrash bands are Voivod (in 87), Forbidden (in 88), Coroner (in 86) and Megadeth (on Rust In Peace). [b]END OF THRASH METAL[/b] In the 1990s, many veteran thrash metal bands began changing to more accessible, radio-friendly styles. Metallica were a notable example of this shift, particularly with their mid to late 90s albums Load (1996), and ReLoad (1997), which both displayed minor blues and southern rock influences, and were seen as a major departure from the bands earlier sound. Megadeth took a more accessible hard rock route starting with their 1992 album Countdown to Extinction, and Testament released the melodic The Ritual in 1992 [b]THRASH IS BACK (2000s)[/b] Thrash metal has recently seen a certain degree of resurgence of popularity. Bands including Municipal Waste, Evile, SSS, Sanctity and Gama Bomb have been cited as key in the resurgence of thrash metal. The genres sense of recklessness and energy has been cited as a potential reason for its resurgence. Also many bands that ended around the 90s gathered again around 2000s, bands like Exumer, Evildead, Dark Angel (band), Death Angel, Nuclear Assault, Defiance (band), Whiplash (band), Hirax, and Possessed (band). Older thrash bands have continued to put out material such as Megadeths Endgame (2009), Slayers World Painted Blood (2009), Metallicas Death Magnetic (2008), Destructions D.E.V.O.L.U.T.I.O.N. (2008), Sodoms The Final Sign of Evil (2007), Death Angels Relentless Retribution (2010), Kreators Hordes of Chaos (2009), Exodus Exhibit B: The Human Condition (2010), Overkills Ironbound (2010), Onslaughts Killing Peace (2007), Testaments The Formation of Damnation (2008), Metal Church This Present Wasteland (2008), Artillerys When Death Comes (2009), and Voivods Infini (2009). In September 2009, it was reported that Metallicas Lars Ulrich was attempting to assemble a tour with thrash metals Big Four ? Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax ? together on one bill. The Big Four took the stage together for seven shows in the Sonisphere Festival concert series.